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The Innu nation numbers just over 16,000 people, making it the most populous Aboriginal nation in Quebec (December 2007 data).
In Québec, the Innu, who in the past were known as the Montagnais, mainly live in nine communities. Seven are spread out along the St. Lawrence River, from Tadoussac up to the Labrador border. The other two are located respectively on the edge of Lac Saint-Jean and at the heart of the Far North, on the boundary with Labrador.
The boreal forest is the traditional territory of the Innu nation. A nomadic people, living off hunting and gathering, the Innu were forced to settle down. Against all odds, the Innu language and culture are still alive and well in the majority of communities.
Language, culture and economy
The nine Innu communities are very different from one another, whether it be from the standpoint of their geographical location, their size, their language or their culture.
Innu is the language used by almost all of the communities. French is the second language, with the exception of Pakuashipi where English is the second spoken language.
The Innu have set up a number of organizations in various fields to promote the growth and dissemination of their culture as well as their economic development. The Institut culturel et éducatif montagnais (ICEM) and the Corporation de développement économique montagnaise (CDEM) are two examples.
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